Skin cancer occurs when skin cells are damaged by ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds, leading to abnormal cell growth. While anyone can develop skin cancer, certain factors increase the risk, including fair skin, excessive sun exposure, a history of sunburns, and genetic predisposition. People who have previously had skin cancer are at higher risk for recurrence, emphasizing the importance of regular screenings and vigilant skin care.
Types of Skin Cancer
The majority of skin cancers fall into three categories:
- Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): The most common type of skin cancer, BCC develops in the basal cells of the epidermis. These cancers often appear as raised pink or pearly white bumps with visible blood vessels, pigmented moles with a pearly edge, or sores that heal and reopen. Though BCCs are slow-growing and rarely spread, they require prompt treatment to prevent local damage.
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC): SCC arises in the squamous cells found in the upper layer of the epidermis and often presents as scaly patches or crusted lesions with a red base. These cancers can develop anywhere on the body but are most common on sun-exposed areas like the scalp, face, and hands. Without treatment, SCC can spread to deeper tissues and other parts of the body.
- Melanoma: The least common but most dangerous form of skin cancer, melanoma originates in the melanocytes, the cells responsible for skin pigmentation. Melanoma often appears as dark, irregular moles or spots and spreads rapidly if not detected early. Early diagnosis is critical to achieving the best outcomes.
